Environment Abstraction :: Spring Framework

Bean definition profiles provide a mechanism in the core container that allows for registration of different beans in different environments. The word, “environment,” can mean different things to different users, and this feature can help with many use

docs.spring.io

# 개요

- Spring Environment는 어플리케이션 내에서 프로필(Profiles)과 속성(Properties)을 유연하게 관리하기 위한 모델을 제공

- Spring Enviroment는 어플리케이션이 실행되는 다양한 환경(local, dev, prod)에 따라 빈(bean)과 속성을 구성할 수 있도록 하여 개발, 테스트, 프로덕션 등 다양한 환경에서 각기 다른 구성을 쉽게 관리할 수 있음 

 

1. 프로필(Profile)

- 프로필은 코드에서 활성화된 프로필에 따라 컨테이너에 등록됨.

1) Annotation 사용

(1) dev 모드

package com.kbfg.digi;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;

@Configuration
@Profile("dev")
public class ApplicationConfigDev {
	
	@Bean
	public ServerInfo serverInfo() {
		ServerInfo serverInfo = new ServerInfo();
		serverInfo.setIpNum("localhost");
		serverInfo.setPortNum("9181");
		return serverInfo;
	}
	
}

(2) Run 모드

package com.kbfg.digi;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;

@Configuration
@Profile("run")
public class ApplicationConfigRun {
	
	@Bean
	public ServerInfo serverInfo() {
		ServerInfo serverInfo = new ServerInfo();
		serverInfo.setIpNum("213.186.229.29");
		serverInfo.setPortNum("80");
		return serverInfo;
	}
}

 

(3) Main 클래스

package com.kbfg.digi;

import java.util.Scanner;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class MainClass {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String config = null;
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		String str = scanner.next();
		if(str.equals("dev")) {
			config="dev";
		} else if(str.equals("run")) {
			config = "run";
		}

	
	scanner.close();
	
	AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
	ctx.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles(config);
	ctx.register(ApplicationConfigDev.class, ApplicationConfigRun.class);
	ctx.refresh();
	
	ServerInfo info = ctx.getBean("serverInfo",ServerInfo.class);
	System.out.println("ip :"+ info.getIpNum());
	System.out.println("port :"+info.getPortNum());
	ctx.close();
	}	
}

2) XML 사용

- xml은 beans에 profile을 명시

(1) dev 모드

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
	profile="dev"  //profile 입력
	>
    <bean id="serverInfo" class="com.kbfg.digi.ServerInfo">
		<property name="ipNum" value="localhost"></property>
		<property name="portNum" value="9181"></property>
   </bean>
</beans>

(2) run 모드

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
	profile="run"  //profile 입력
	>

	<bean id="serverInfo" class="com.kbfg.digi.ServerInfo">
		<property name="ipNum" value="localhost"></property>
		<property name="portNum" value="8181"></property>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

(3) Main 클래스

package com.kbfg.digi;

import java.util.Scanner;

import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainClass {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String config = null;
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		String str = scanner.next();
		if(str.equals("dev")) {
			config="dev";
		} else if(str.equals("run")) {
			config = "run";
		}

	
	scanner.close();
	
	GenericXmlApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();
	ctx.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles(config);
	ctx.load("applicationCTX_dev.xml","applicationCTX_run.xml");
	
	ServerInfo info = ctx.getBean("serverInfo",ServerInfo.class);
	System.out.println("ip :"+ info.getIpNum());
	System.out.println("port :"+info.getPortNum());
	
	}	
}

 

2. *.properties 파일을 이용하는 경우

 

<admin.properties> ※ 위치 src/main/resources 

admin.id = abcde
admin.pw = 12345

<sub_admin.properties>  ※ 위치 src/main/resources

sub_admin.id = gunni
sub_admin.pw = 1234

1) Annotation 방법

package com.kbfg.digi;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationConfig {

	@Value("${admin.id}")
	private String adminId;
	@Value("${admin.pw}")
	private String adminPw;
	@Value("${sub_admin.id}")
	private String sub_adminId;
	@Value("${sub_admin.pw}")
	private String sub_adminPw;
	
	@Bean
	public AdminConnection adminConfig(){
		AdminConnection adminConnection = new AdminConnection();
		adminConnection.setAdminId(adminId);
		adminConnection.setAdminPw(adminPw);
		adminConnection.setSub_adminId(sub_adminId);
		adminConnection.setSub_adminPw(sub_adminPw);
		return adminConnection;
	}
	
	@Bean
	public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer Properties() {
		PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer configurer = new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
		
		Resource[] locations = new Resource[2];
		locations[0] = new ClassPathResource("admin.properties");   //프로퍼티 파일 등록
		locations[1] = new ClassPathResource("sub_admin.properties"); //프로퍼티 파일 등록
		configurer.setLocations(locations);
		
		return configurer;
	}
}
package com.kbfg.digi;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

public class AdminConnection implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
	private String adminId;
	private String adminPw;
	private String sub_adminId;
	private String sub_adminPw;
	@Override
	public void destroy() throws Exception {
		
	}
	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
		
	}
	public String getAdminId() {
		return adminId;
	}
	public void setAdminId(String adminId) {
		this.adminId = adminId;
	}
	public String getAdminPw() {
		return adminPw;
	}
	public void setAdminPw(String adminPw) {
		this.adminPw = adminPw;
	}
	public String getSub_adminId() {
		return sub_adminId;
	}
	public void setSub_adminId(String sub_adminId) {
		this.sub_adminId = sub_adminId;
	}
	public String getSub_adminPw() {
		return sub_adminPw;
	}
	public void setSub_adminPw(String sub_adminPw) {
		this.sub_adminPw = sub_adminPw;
	}
}
package com.kbfg.digi;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class MainClass {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfig.class);
		AdminConnection connection = ctx.getBean("adminConfig", AdminConnection.class);
		
		System.out.println("adminID : "+connection.getAdminId());
		System.out.println("adminPw : "+connection.getAdminPw());
		System.out.println("sub_adminID : "+connection.getSub_adminId());
		System.out.println("sub_adminPW : "+connection.getSub_adminPw());
	}

}

 

2) XML 사용 방법

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:admin.properties, classpath:sub_admin.properties"/> //프로퍼티 파일 등록
	
	<bean id="adminConnection" class="com.kbfg.digi.AdminConnection">
		<property name="adminId">
			<value>${admin.id}</value>
		</property>
		<property name="adminPw">
			<value>${admin.pw}</value>
		</property>
		<property name="sub_adminId">
			<value>${sub_admin.id}</value>
		</property>
		<property name="sub_adminPw">
			<value>${sub_admin.pw}</value>
		</property>
	
	</bean>
</beans>

 

package com.kbfg.digi;

import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainClass {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		AbstractApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationCTX.xml");
		
		AdminConnection connection = ctx.getBean("adminConnection", AdminConnection.class);
		System.out.println("admin ID : "+connection.getAdminId());
		System.out.println("admin Pw : "+connection.getAdminPw());
		System.out.println("sub_admin ID : "+connection.getSub_adminId());
		System.out.println("sub_admin pw : "+connection.getSub_adminPw());
		
		ctx.close();
	}
}

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